پژوهشنامه انقلاب اسلامی
پیاپی 46 (بهار 1402)

The purpose of this research is to design a model of Islamic governance based on religious teachings. In terms of purpose, the current research is developmental-applied and in terms of its nature, it is considered part of qualitative research. The information community is the academic experts who were identified by the purposeful sampling method, and according to the sufficiency of the data, a total of 14 experts were interviewed. The method of analysis is grounded theory based on a systematic approach and the data were collected through in-depth interviews. The findings of the research confirm that in causal conditions: benevolence and kindness towards people and accountability towards people; In the main phenomenon: people's, institutional and governmental characteristics; In the conditions of the intervener: the set of economic, political, social and cultural conditions, and the set of structural and behavioral factors; In the contextual conditions: attention to national culture, and laws and regulations; In the strategy: measures related to the design and optimization of Islamic governance, merit-oriented rulers, and the development of good Islamic governance were identified. The main outcome of this model is individual development, administrative development, and social development. The results obtained based on the research data show that Islamic governance requires a comprehensive scheme to identify the characteristics and dimensions of Islamic governance at the national, regional and international levels, as well as modeling Islamic governance in The form of formation of the reservoir of governance is soft and hard.

Democracy is a public demand in the new ages and non-democratic Systems are on the verge of collapsing. These two systems have main differences from one another. The problem of this article is the state of Republicanism from the perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei. In order to discover the components of republicanism, His works have been investigated with thematic analysis method The findings of the research, formed of tables of basic, organizer, comprehensive themes and network of themes are showed that: A- The legitimacy of the political system of Islam has two areas, the divine area (the area of attributes) and the people's area (the area of recognition and election), which have an organic relation and do not operate one another. B- People's will plays a key role and its logic is different from the secular democratic systems. C- Legality is its fundamental trait which provides people’s rights. D. People are not only obliged to obey, but they have the right to create governance and monitor the performance of agents at all levels. E- Agents are accountable for their performance. F- The positions are temporary, the agents are directly and indirectly elected by the people.Consequence: Explanation the components of Republicanism from Ayatollah Khamenei's point of view can change the social and organizational approach in the field of decision-making and a step towards ending the challenge of the relation between Republicanism and Islamism. The documents of his works are in conflict with two readings of the relation between people and religion (Instrumentation of people and Instrumentation of religion)

The strategy of exporting the revolution has been one of the most prominent and central strategies and also axes of the foreign policy since the glorious victory of the revolution until now. This discourse, which is a fundamental to the teachings and messages of the Islamic Revolution, is also one of the topics that have had many internal and external reactions and reflections in the post-Islamic Revolution period. The position of this policy in the foreign policy confirms the importance of providing a scientific explanation of the challenges and consequences of applying this policy in Iran foreign policy. The main goal of this research is to find out what effects and consequences the pursuit of this policy has had in the internal and external aspects of Iranian foreign affairs. In order to answer the above question, in this qualitative research, we interviewed some of the elites who had a prominent position or status related to the subject. In order to explain the Iranian foreign policy system better, the system theory framework has been used in this study. Ultimately, we come to the conclusion that the issuing of the policy in Iran foreign policy has led to the emergence of challenges for this system, in three areas of input, output and feedback.

One of the U.S aims for the assassination of Soleimani was to put an end on Iran influence and regional power. Now, after three years of this assassination, the question arises that what effects did the martyrdom of Qasem Soleimani has had on Iran influence and power in the region? The underlying hypothesis of the current research is that the assassination of Martyr Soleimani has not seriously affected Iran regional influence and power. The article is based on the comparative-analytical method and structure-agent theory. The findings show that contrary to the expectations of the American authorities, the assassination of Soleimani has not ended Iran regional power and influence. Iran still has an active presence in Syria, Yemen, and Iraq. In Syria, Bashar Assad has started the process of de-escalation with the Arab states and is following up the process of rebuilding Syria’s cities with the participation of Iran. In Yemen, both sides of the conflict - Ansarollah and Saudi Arabia - have agreed on a temporary ceasefire and are preparing for political talks. In Iraq, the ending of the anti-Iranian government of Mustafa Al-Kazemi and the formation of the Mohammed Shia' Sabbar al-Sudani government, has paved the way to Iran to peruse its aims.

The main purpose; Political vision and social context are affected by each other and are formed in mutual connection, hence political knowledge sometimes appears as a structure and sometimes as an agent against the social context. The main goal of the upcoming research is to investigate the type of relationship between the social structure of Iranian society and the political vision of the Shiite clergy and its impact on their model of activism during the Pahlavi era until the Islamic revolution.Research method; the mehtod of research is Qualitative type of causal explanation and the method of data collection is library as well as the use of scientific resources of virtual databases. Anthony Giddens' structure-agent theory and Pierre Bourdieu's theory have also been used to explain the issue.findings; The research shows that there is a flexible relationship between the political knowledge of Shia clerics and social factors in this period, and according to the set of actions of Shia clergy and also the change of social and political factors, the political vision of Shia jurists has changed from political isolation and political abstinence to Participation and political leadership have fluctuated.Conclusion; Influenced by the social conditions and the beliefs of activists such as Ayatollah Boroujerdi, the vision of the Shiite clergy, as an agent against the social environment as a structure, has adopted an attitude of avoiding politics, and with the emergence of Imam Khomeini (RA), the (agent) of the political vision of dignified clergy The foundation has been broken and shaped by the environment and social factors as a structure, and as a result, the political vision of the Shia clergy has taken on the character of participation.

Saudi Arabia is considered as an effective regional actor in the Middle East, which uses friendly and hostile tactics in its foreign policy. The aim of the current research is to investigate the impact of Saudi ideological conflicts on the tension with Iran. The data collection method is based on documentary method, comparative research strategy, data analysis method is process tracking and inspired by constructivist security theory. The findings of the research show that Saudi Arabia, with the support of the United States of America, uses ideological contradictions such as identity, ideological confrontation, hostility, a certain type of political culture, security community, sectarianism, mental images of political actors, to confront the Islamic Republic of Iran with the support of the United States of America. It has played a significant role in the continuation of confrontation and divergence with Iran. These conflicts of thought have led to behavioral tensions such as preventing the revolution, opposing the nuclear program, transferring responsibility to America, cooperating with Israel, etc. The root of Saudi Arabia's behavioral tensions with Iran lies in ideological contradictions and the nature of the Islamic revolution, which originates in the disruption of the former order of the Middle East and the formation of a new order on top of it. Although in some cases relatively good relations have been formed between the two countries, ideological conflicts prevent a strong union between them.

Islamic civilization represents all the political, cultural and economic aspects of the society, which covers the existential dimensions of the individual and the society, and its components are explained on the axis of Islam. Since Shahid Motahari is one of the people whose works can be used for the ideology of the Islamic Revolution, the necessity of this research is justified better and more precisely in his works. And of course, this research only deals with the political characteristics of modern Islamic civilization from the point of view of this high-ranking martyr and theoretician of the Islamic Revolution. Being active in the international arena (jihad and peace with an emphasis on the authenticity of peace, taking responsibility in active diplomacy), maintaining the political independence of Muslims based on the principle of negating the mustache (preventing national self-defeat, school independence, the impact of Muslim independence on the dynamics of Islamic civilization), Safeguarding the legitimate individual and social freedoms and establishing fairness and justice in society is one of the most important characteristics of Islamic civilization from Shahid Motahari's point of view. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical.Safeguarding the legitimate individual and social freedoms and establishing fairness and justice in society is one of the most important characteristics of Islamic civilization from Shahid Motahari's point of view. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical.

The concept of citizenship entered the political literature of Iran for the first time with the introduction of the constitutional discourse in the political sphere by the Qajar thinkers. But due to the lack of necessary infrastructure and nation-building components, this was lost with the failure of the constitution. Since the concept of citizenship rights is one of the effective factors in building a nation-state, and attention to the rights of the nation is one of the pillars of democracy-based government; This concept has a direct effect on political development and equal distribution of resources.Research The present article, based on Brian Turner's theory, has tried to understand citizenship and citizenship rights in the second Pahlavi era, using documents and library resources and a descriptive-analytical method by investigating the obstacles to the realization of citizenship rights in this era The seeks to answer this question. How ignoring citizenship rights led to the formation of the Islamic Revolution. The findings of the research show that despite the efforts to modernize and transform the social structure of Iran, significant developments in the field of realizing citizenship in the second Pahlavi period in dimensions The case of Turner's theory has not occur. The result of the research is as follows that due to the lack of attention to political-economic rights, inequality in the allocation of resources, per-sonalization of power, and ultimately the ineffectiveness of the Carter Declaration of Human Rights and its incomplete implementation in Iran, it has been one of the obstacles to the realization of citizenship rights.

Studies show that "political expediency" is the most important determining factor in the domestic and foreign policy of the Islamic Republic. Despite extensive research in this field, these studies usually remain at the level of comparative jurisprudential study and provide a theoretical model based on the thought of Imam Khomeini is one of the important political needs of the country. Accordingly, in this research, using the "data foundation method", first the text of Imam Khomeini's letters and statements were referred to, and all the words that had a clear implication on the concept of political expediency were extracted and presented in a theoretical model. The results of this study show that Imam Khomeini, due to the fact that Velayat-e-Faqih represents the "royal and political" status of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH), considers it to have royal and governmental rules beyond the jurisprudence and sub-rules of Islam. Accordingly, expediency as a divine duty to get out of the impasse as a way to solve the problems of the Islamic government as the most important divine commands and therefore the leader of the Islamic community has the same authority as the Prophet and the Amir al-Mu'minin in government and the main authority to identify strategies and issues. There is Islam and the Islamic system. Expediency is a fluid and flexible thing that can change according to political and social changes and takes precedence over anything else in Islam. The reference or object is the expediency of the "political system or the Islamic Republic" and the end of the expediency is the "maintenance of the system".